Perspectives

Landlords across the Upper Midwest share similar frustrations: late payments, damaged units, drawn-out evictions, and tenants who push lease limits. But how you can respond-and protect your investment-depends heavily on state-specific landlord/tenant laws. In this post, we explore the five most common tenant-related challenges landlords face, plus legal insight for property owners in Minnesota, Wisconsin, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Montana.

Nonpayment or Chronic Late Payment of Rent

Tenants falling behind on rent is the most common and financially damaging issue for landords. Delayed payments can disrupt cash flow, affect mortgage payments, and cause tension in the landlord-tenant relationship.

Tip from WFJ: 

• Use clear lease language: outlining rent due dates, late fees (within legal limits), and consequences for nonpayment.
• Document all communications and payment histories.
• Follow your state’s required notice process before initiating eviction. For example:
  • MN: No statutory notice required for nonpayment before filing, but proper notice may still be best practice.
  • WI: 5-day or 14-day notice depending on lease history.
  • ND, SD, MT: 3-day notices required before court filing.
• Work with legal counsel to ensure proper service of notices and to prepare for court procedings.

Improper Handling of Security Deposits

Security deposit disputes are a leading cause of small claims cases against landlords. Issues often arise from improper deductions, delayed returns, or lack of documentation.

Tip from WFJ:

• Know your state’s timeline for returning deposits:
  • MN: 21 days
  • WI: 21 days
  • ND: 30 days
  • SD: 2 weeks (up to 45 days with written explanation)
  • MT: 10 days (no deductions) or 30 days (with deductions)
• Provide an itemized list of damages and costs.
• Take photos before and after move-in/out to document the unit’s condition.
• Keep records of all repair expenses or cleaning costs deducted from the deposit.

Eviction Process Complexities and Delays

Evictions can be time-consuming, expensive, and emotionally taxing. Missteps in the process (wrong notice form, improper service, or missed deadlines) can result in cases being dismissed.

Tip from WFJ:

• Use state-specific notice forms and timelines-they vary widely.
• Document every lease violation, communication, and attempted resolution
• Avoid “self-help” evictions (changing locks, removing belongings) which are illegal in all five states.
• Engage legal counsel early in the eviction process to ensure proper procedure and avoid costly delays.

Property Damage Beyond Normal Wear and Tear

While minor wear is expected, landlords often face significant damage caused by neglect, misuse, or intentional destruction.

Tip from WFJ:

• Conduct thorough move-in and move-out inspections with signed checklists.
• Include clear lease provisions outlining tenant responsibility for damage.
• In cases of excessive damage, deduct repair costs from the deposit with documentation-or pursue a civil judgment if damage exceeds the deposit.
• Some states allow landlords to include provisions requiring tenants to carry renter’s insurance.

Inconsistent Lease Enforcement or Poor Lease Drafting

Weak, outdated, or vague lease agreements often lead to disputes that favor the tenant. Landlords who don’t consistently enforce terms also risk discrimination or retaliation claims.

Tip from WFJ:

• Use state-specific lease templates that include legally compliant language.
• Ensure the lease covers key issues: rent due date, late fees, entry rights, maintenance, pet rules, occupancy limits, etc.
• Apply rules consistently to avoid claims of selective enforcement.
• Have your lease reviewed by an attorney familiar with the landlord-tenant laws in your state.

Key State-Specific Laws that Impact Landlords

Minnesota

• Eviction filings: Must follow strict notice procedures; unlawful detainer process required.
• Security deposits: Must be returned within 3 weeks of move-out.
• Notice to Terminate Tenancy:
  • Periodic Lease: 1 full rental period’s notice (usually a month).
• Emergency repairs: Tenants may file rent escrow if landlords fail to maintain habitability.
• Retaliation protection: Landlords cannot retaliate against tenants who report violations or request repairs.
• Late fees: Must be disclosed in wiring and cannot exceed 8% of the overdue amount.

Failure to strictly follow the law can lead to dismissal of eviction actions or fines.

Wisconsin

• Eviction process: Must issue a 5-day or 14-day notice dpeending on lease terms and violation.
• Security deposits: Return within 21 days of tenancy termination.
• Entry requirements: At leas 12 hours’ notice before entering a unit.
• Disclosure laws: Must disclose building code violations or flooding risk.
• Abandoned property: No requirements to store a tenant’s abandoned property unless stated in the lease.

Procedural missteps during eviction or deposit returns are a common legal pitfall.

North Dakota

• Security deposits: Return within 30 days; can charge up to 1 month’s rent, or 2 months if tenant has a felony.
• Termination notice: 30 days for month-to-month; no notice required for nonrenewal of a fixed-term lease.
• Eviction: Summary process but must be filed in district court.
• Entry: Reasonable notice required; except for emergencies.

Eviction hearings may be quick, but failing to provide proper documentation or notice can delay possession.

South Dakota

• Security deposits: Must be returned within 2 weeks, or 45 days with itemized statement of damages.
• Termination for Month-to-Month: Requires 30 days’ written notice.
• Eviction: Requires 3-day notice to quit for nonpaymen, then a court filing.
• Entry notice: Must provide reasonable notice; typically 24 hours.

Short notice periods for eviction require landlords to act quickly and accurately.

Montana

• Security deposits: Return within 10 days if no deductions, or 30 days with an itemized list of damages.
• Notice to terminate: Month-to-month-30 days.
• Eviction process: Begins with a 3-day notice, followed by court action.
• Right of entry: Must give 24-hour notice

Montana’s detailed rules on habitability and repair can lead to disputes if landlords don’t keep up with maintenance.

Landlords can minimize risk and avoid costly disputes by proactively reviewing leases, maintaining documentation, and working with legal counsel who understands the specific laws of their state. Investing in legal guidance upfront saves time, money, and stress in the long run. 

Navigating the rental market can be a daunting task, with both landlords and tenants seeking clarity on their rights and responsibilities. Minnesota has recently introduced new landlord-tenant laws aimed to enhance the rights and protections for both parties involved in the rental agreement.

Pet policies

Good news for pet owners! If you are renting a place in Minnesota, your landlord cannot demand declawing or devocalization of your furry companions.This ensures that pet owners can access housing without having to put their pet through an unnecessary and potentially harmful (and expensive!) procedure.

Your Right to Move-in/Move-out Inspections

Before moving in or out of a rental property, tenants now have the right to request inspections. This not only ensures transparency but also allows both tenants and landlords to document the condition of the rental property, helping to avoid disputes over security deposits down the road. So don’t hesitate to ask for the inspection-it’s in your best interest!

Transparent Fee Disclosure

Say goodbye to hidden fees! Landlords are now required to disclose all non-optional fees in addition to rent in the form of a “total monthly payment.” This transparency ensures that tenants are fully aware of all the costs associated with their rental agreement upfront. No surprises, just straightforward and honest dealings.

Minimum Heat Standards

Nobody likes shivering through the winter months. Thanks to the new law, landlords must ensure that heating is provided- maintaining a minimum temperature of 68 degrees Fahrenheit from October 1 to April 30. Allowing tenants to remain comfortable during the chilly Minnesota winters without having the crank up their own heaters.

Fair Eviction Practices

If you are facing financial difficulties and are at risk of eviction due to non-payment of rent, landlords are now required to send a letter at least 14 days prior to filing an eviction action. This will give tenants a fair chance to address issues before facing eviction proceedings.

Advance Notice for Entry

Under the new law, landlords must provide at least 24 hours’ notice for non-emergency entry into the rental property. Additionally, entry may only occur between 8 a.m. and 8 p.m., allowing tenants to plan and prepare for any necessary access by the landlord.

Lease Renewals

Planning ahead is crucial, especially when it comes to where you live. Landlords are now prohibited from forcing tenants to renew a lease more than six months before the current lease expires. This allows tenants to make decisions based on their changing circumstances without feeling pressured.

These new landlord-tenant laws are designed to create a more fair and transparent rental market for everyone involved. They aim to foster healthier landlord-tenant relationships and protect both parties from legal risk. Whether you are a landlord or a tenant, it’s essential to stay informed about your rights and responsibilities under these new regulations.

If you have concerns about a rental agreement, or are a landlord looking to protect their property, don’t wait! Take the time to review your rights and obligations under these updated regulations-and don’t be afraid to reach out to Wagner, Falconer & Judd to help you simplify the process!

Security Deposits in the residential setting are often misunderstood. Tenants sometimes leave before the lease term is up, pinning the landlord with unpaid bills and property damage. On the other hand, landlords sometimes incorrectly use the deposit to improve or upgrade their property.

In Minnesota, statute 504B.178 contains the most guidance on the appropriate use of the deposit. It expressly states that a landlord may keep portions of the deposit to account for unpaid rent or fees. In addition, the legislature has adopted an “ordinary wear and tear” standard, which states that a landlord may use the deposit to repair any damage that is beyond such ordinary wear and tear. However, “ordinary wear and tear” has been ill-defined, and over the years has been open to interpretation. This has led to many myths and misconceptions. Here are some of the most common:

As a landlord, I can keep the tenant’s security deposit to update my property.
False. It is inappropriate to use a deposit to pay for anything other than repairs beyond ordinary wear and tear. A common example is replacement of flooring. The landlord may charge the tenant for damage that was directly caused by the tenant, such as pet damage or scratches. However, all flooring needs care or replacement from time to time. If the kitchen linoleum has simply seen too many years, the landlord must pay for the cost of replacement. Unless otherwise agreed to, updating or upgrading a property is always the responsibility of the landlord.

A landlord can’t use a security deposit to cover cleaning costs.
False. A landlord can use a deposit to cover the cost of cleaning an unusually dirty home. Most leases require the tenant to do a thorough cleaning prior to move-out. If the tenant fails to clean adequately, and the landlord is forced to arrange for cleaning, that cost may be deducted from the deposit.

A landlord can’t deduct utility bills from a tenant’s security deposit.
False. A landlord may deduct any unpaid bills, including rent, late fees, or key replacement fees, from the security deposit.

As a tenant, I can use my security deposit as my last month’s rent.
False. The purpose of the security deposit is to insure the landlord against property damage caused by the tenant. If the deposit is spent on the tenant’s last rental payment, there is often nothing left to cover the cost of repairs. Unless expressly written in the lease or otherwise agreed, a security deposit may not be used to pay the last month’s rent.

The security deposit is the only way the landlord get the tenant to pay for repairs.
False. If the deposit is inadequate to cover the cost of any repairs to the property, and if the damage was directly caused by the tenant, the landlord has a right to bill the tenant for the additional costs. If necessary, the landlord can sue the tenant in conciliation court to recover the costs of the repair.

It’s important to remember that whether the landlord intends to keep the deposit or not, the landlord must notify the tenant in writing or return the deposit within 21 days after the end of the tenancy.

Whether a landlord can keep a security deposit always depends on the individual circumstances. To learn more about how the law affects your unique situation, contact our team.

Written by WFJ | Posted April 2, 2020